Nursing Response To Alcoholism, Neonates Children free essay sample

Nature of alcoholism effects of impaired mothers on offspring from nursing perspective. Typical dependent behavior, psychological social aspects, physical mental damage, ethnic issues, proposed nursing response. Abstract. Problems for neonates and children arising from the use and misuse of alcohol by adults were examined. For the progeny of pregnant women, problems begin with gestational exposure to alcohol, regardless of the fact that the mother may not be abusing the substance. Heavy use of alcohol by a pregnant woman, however, exacerbates the problem for the child once born. Alcohol abuse by adults in households with children also affects adversely the lives of those children. The prevalence of drinking is highest for both females and in the 21-34 age range, which is the

Free Essays on Beloved

After the abolishment of slavery, the black community became the core of African American culture and life. This was due in part by segregation and other socioeconomic factors, but also to the spiritual and social unity of each black member. This was well exemplified in the story, as each former slave underwent arduous struggles to affix the broken pieces of their lives and attempt to become independent members of the community in a time which did not allow them to accomplish such a feat. The black community played a major role in Beloved, especially with their interactions with Sethe. After Sethe's escape from slavery, she traveled to Cincinnati to reunite with her children and mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. She arrived at 124, a house constantly filled with people and happiness. Where not one but two pots simmered on the stove; where the lamp burned all night long. Strangers rested while their children tried on their shoes. Messages were left there, for whoever needed them was sure to stop in one day soon. (Morrison, 87) Sethe was enveloped with love and security, while Baby Suggs, the local spiritual leader, became the driving force in the community, gathering the people together to preach self love and respect. "When warm weather came, Baby Suggs, holy, followed by every black man, woman and child who could make it through, took her great heart to the Clearing..." (Morrison, 87) Toni Morrison's Beloved is a book about a community made up of individuals running away from their pasts. In meeting a few of those individuals and learning how and what they are running from, it becomes obvious that no one can deal successfully with the burden of past memories alone. Those who attempt to face their troubles alone wind up tiring out and giving up, as is demonstrated by Baby Suggs. Sethe and Paul D however, try to fight back the past only to realize it cannot be done alone. After doing so, they find that with the community or a loved one to "enco... Free Essays on Beloved Free Essays on Beloved Toni Morrison's Beloved is a book about a community made up of individuals running away from their pasts. Learning how and what they are running from, it becomes obvious that no one can deal successfully with the burden of past memories alone. The black community is the core of African American culture and life. This is due in part by segregation and other socioeconomic factors, but also to the social unity of each black member. This was well exemplified in the Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Each former slave underwent struggles to mend the broken pieces of their lives and attempt to become independent members of the community. The black community played a major role in Beloved, especially with their interaction with Sethe, Baby Suggs and Paul D. The community would keep their support withdrawn from the family that lived in 124, so Baby Suggs, Sethe and Paul D are left to deal with their trials alone. So this paper will examine the role of the community in the lives of Sethe, Baby S uggs and Paul D. in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. In Beloved we see the African concept about neighborhood, how community feeling and responsibilities prevail over the family structure. However, community can be very helpful or become destructive. Beloved is a good example of how the community can help people to find their identity, help runaways to escape and help exorcise Beloved. In talking with Paul D about Home Sweet Home and their past, Sethe says: "but it's where we were, All together. Comes back whether we want it to or not" (14). Although, â€Å"they a community life at â€Å"Sweet Home† (Jesser, 330), Sethe was determined to run away, as she did, from Home Sweet Home. After Sethe's escape from slavery, she traveled to Cincinnati to reunite with her children and mother-in-law. Baby Suggs. â€Å"An escape involves even more risk and requires greater reliance on connection to a community† (Jesser, 330). She arrived at 124, a house constantly filled with people ... Free Essays on Beloved April 19th, 1996 A critical analysis of the main characters and plot from the novel "Beloved" (BY TONI MORRISON). Beloved is a novel set in Ohio during 1873, several years after the Civil War. The book centers on characters who struggle fruitlessly to keep their painful recollections of the past at bay. The whole story revolves around issues of race, gender, family relationships and the supernatural, covering two generations and three decades up to the 19th century. Concentrating on events arising from the Fugitive Slave Act of 1856, it describes the horrendous consequences of an escape from slavery for the, her children and Paul D. The novel is divided into three parts. Each part opens with statements as to indicate the progress of the hauntingfrom the poltergeist to the materialized spirit to the final freeing of both the spirit and Sethe; Part I: "124 WAS SPITEFUL" Part II: " 124 WAS LOUD" Part III: "124 WAS QUIET". These parts reflect the progressive reconciliation of a betraye d child and her desperate mother. Overall symbolizing the gradual acceptance of freedom and the enormous work and continuous struggle that would persist for the next 100 years. The dynamics of the story attempt to distance the reader from an immediate and direct exposure to the extremes of the real horror contained in the narrative. Reading the story resembles "listening" to a story. This peculiar "oral" style surfaces; it feels as if the novel is speaking the emotions of each character out loudly, allowing the reader to identify with each one. Events that occurred prior and during the 18 years of Sethe's freedom are slowly revealed and pieced together throughout the novel. Ever so painfully, Sethe is in need of rebuilding her identity and remembering the past and her origins: "Some things just stay. I used to think it was my rememory. Some things you forget. Other things you never do. But it's not. Places, places, are still there. If a house burns down i... Free Essays on Beloved The definition of literature is protean with personal interpretation. A broad meaning of literature is â€Å"anything written, even what you receive in the mail if you send for free information about a weight-reducing plan or motorcycle.† It is further defined as â€Å"a kind of art, usually written, which offers pleasure and illumination† (Kennedy, xxxviii). My personal definition of the standard by which to evaluate a piece of writing as literature requires the work to create a lasting impression that invokes the emotions of the reader. Alexander Solzhenitsyn in an open letter, to the Fourth Soviet Writers’ Congress narrowed the description of literature by defining what does not qualify: Literature that is not the breath of contemporary society, that dares not transmit the pains and fears of that society, that does not warn in time against threatening moral and social dangers- such literature does not deserve the name of literature; it is only a faà §ade (Solzhenitsyn, www.mercuryhouse.org). By the aforementioned standards, Toni Morrison’s Beloved has undeniably earned its place in contemporary literature. Disregarding the supporting fact that Morrison received the Nobel Prize in Literature for Beloved, I intend to prove that not only is this work literature, but it will become a classic (Morrison, cover). Beloved was written. This complies with the concept that anything written is literature. The pleasure that is mentioned as a requirement of literature is purely an evaluative judgement and therefore introduces a question of taste. When a reader becomes completely involved in the plot and characters of a novel, as I did, it becomes apparent that it is an enjoyable piece of work. To illuminate, a novel must enlighten the reader and inform. Much of Beloved is told from the perspective of freed slaves. Morrison, most likely had family who were slaves, which adds to the clout of this novel. An unforgettable passage ... Free Essays on Beloved After the abolishment of slavery, the black community became the core of African American culture and life. This was due in part by segregation and other socioeconomic factors, but also to the spiritual and social unity of each black member. This was well exemplified in the story, as each former slave underwent arduous struggles to affix the broken pieces of their lives and attempt to become independent members of the community in a time which did not allow them to accomplish such a feat. The black community played a major role in Beloved, especially with their interactions with Sethe. After Sethe's escape from slavery, she traveled to Cincinnati to reunite with her children and mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. She arrived at 124, a house constantly filled with people and happiness. Where not one but two pots simmered on the stove; where the lamp burned all night long. Strangers rested while their children tried on their shoes. Messages were left there, for whoever needed them was sure to stop in one day soon. (Morrison, 87) Sethe was enveloped with love and security, while Baby Suggs, the local spiritual leader, became the driving force in the community, gathering the people together to preach self love and respect. "When warm weather came, Baby Suggs, holy, followed by every black man, woman and child who could make it through, took her great heart to the Clearing..." (Morrison, 87) Toni Morrison's Beloved is a book about a community made up of individuals running away from their pasts. In meeting a few of those individuals and learning how and what they are running from, it becomes obvious that no one can deal successfully with the burden of past memories alone. Those who attempt to face their troubles alone wind up tiring out and giving up, as is demonstrated by Baby Suggs. Sethe and Paul D however, try to fight back the past only to realize it cannot be done alone. After doing so, they find that with the community or a loved one to "enco... Free Essays on Beloved Toni Morrison, in her novel, Beloved, uses plant life, such as trees, to represent sources of healing, comfort and life, in a world where it is hard to find hope. These images of trees are an escape from the brutal world of slavery that the characters of Sethe, Paul D and Baby Suggs faced in Beloved. For these characters, trees brought hope against the white men who brought only fear and sadness. For Sethe, trees are associated with her escaping toward freedom. They also are used to mask the realities of her former slave life. Paul D uses trees as a place of comfort, while Baby Suggs uses trees as a way to make a difference. But the ability of trees to function as centers of solace and peace is complicated by the way white men have perverted their natural function. Trees are naturally supposed to provide joy and bring peace, yet in Beloved, they are also used as sites for lynches and burnings. Just as white men destroyed the lives of slaves, white men have distorted the func tion of trees as gatherers of happiness and hope for the future. The connotation that trees have for Sethe, Paul D and Baby Suggs are altered by the images that slave holders have created. Because of this, nature has a split meaning for the former slaves in Beloved. Sometimes, the concepts of trees bring hope for a better life and soften the blows of slavery, while other times, trees hold with them the memories of a life filled with shamefulness and brutality brought on by the white slave owners. Each main character in Beloved has a special idea of what trees represent. But for every happy idea that each character has about trees, there is the opposite meaning conveyed in the characters mind that reminds them of their traumatic past. Sethe, Paul D, and Baby Suggs peaceful memories about trees are paralleled with memories from the darker side of humanity. For Sethe, trees are a symbol of masking the true horror she has faced in her life. The beau... Free Essays on Beloved Eighteen Years of Not Living Toni Morrison’s Beloved is a story of a former slave woman and the daughter that comes back to haunt her after eighteen years. It is the meaning of time and memory and how remembering either destroys or saves a future. In order to live in the present and make plans for the future, one must come to terms with the past. The novel opens with Sethe and her daughter Denver living as outcasts in a house outside of Cincinnati given to her mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. Sethe’s mother-in-law has been dead for eight years, and her two sons have run away; they are afraid of their mother and a ghost that shakes the house. The ghost is the spirit of the baby daughter that Sethe murders eighteen years prior in order to save her from slavery. The attempt is also made on the other children without success. To this house arrives Paul D, a former slave who has been wandering for years from the plantation Sweet Home, which Sethe escapes years before. Soon, there is another arrival, a mysterious woman from nowhere whom Sethe’s daughter, Denver, at once accepts as her sister, grown up and back from the dead. This is Beloved, who takes the name from the word that is on the gravestone of Sethe’s dead child. When Sethe escapes the plantation years before, Ella, the former slave woman who has led Sethe and the just-born Denver from the Ohio River, is the person that guides them to the community of former slaves. When Sethe does not need anyone after Beloved’s death, Ella ostracizes Sethe and her family from the community for eighteen years. Her arrogance causes the black community of Cincinnati to shun her. The characters in this story still feel the scars of slavery many years after their escapes as if it is yesterday. They are numb, almost incapable of emotion because of the deep suffering and terror that slavery has brought to their lives. The ghost of this dead child haunting... Free Essays on Beloved Beloved Toni Morrison’s, Beloved, is a complex narrative about the love between mothers and daughters, and the agony of guilt. â€Å" It is the ultimate gesture of a loving mother. It is the outrageous claim of a slave.† These are the words, of Toni Morrison, used to describe the actions of Sethe, the central character in the novel. She, a former slave, chooses to kill her baby girl rather then let her live a life in slavery. In preventing her from the physical and emotional horrors of slavery, Sethe has put herself in to a realm of physical and emotional pain: guilt. And in understanding her guilt we can start to conceive her motivations for killing her third nameless child. A justified institution as the 19th century emerged; the infamous institution of slavery grew rapidly and produced some surprising controversy and rash justification. Proslavery, Southern whites used social, political, and economical justification in their arguments defining the institution as a source of positive good, a legal definition, and as an economic stabilizer. The proslavery supporters often used moral and biblical rationalization through a religious foundation in Christianity and supported philosophic ideals in Manifest Destiny to vindicated slavery as a profitable investment. Southerners used popular sovereignty to justify their slavery practices, ultimately slavery is supported through popular sovereignty since it is the people’s will to enslave black, or at least the Southerner’s will. Another social aspect of rationalization is the slavery institution is derived from the Southern argument, which contrasted the happy lives of their slaves to the overworked and exhausted Northern black wageworkers. In the South, benefits; whereas in the North black were caged in dank and dark factories and were released after their usefulness had served its purpose. Why work in the North when there are safe, comfortable plantations to work on in the South?... Free Essays on Beloved Beloved Can a mother’s love be so strong that she could kill her own children to save them from being harmed by others? This is the question that is being asked throughout Toni Morrison’s Novel Beloved. The character Sethe, in the novel, had killed her own daughter beloved and attempted to kill the rest of her children in the fear that they would live the same tortured life that she had. With Sethe’s decision to brutally kill her children she had confronted the issues of morality, religion and spirituality. She had made the decision to kill her children who were not yet old enough to decide whether they wanted to live or die. She believed she could save her children from a life of abuse s but the only children who have been abused in the novel are those who she has hurt herself. Although, I personally have never been placed in a situation like Sethe’s, I strongly disagree with what she has decided for her children. When reading about the different stories of slaves in America it is obvious that not one of these slaves lived a happy, healthy life. It was also clearly known that the slaves in America were fed little to eat, wore few articles of clothing and were often beat for no good reason. With this in mind it is obvious that no person whether, black or white would want this life for themselves and especially for their children. With always being treated so badly it is evident that there was no morality being practiced between white people as well as between blacks. Sethe might never have understood that what she did to her children was wrong. The more the black slaves were treated like animals the more they would act like them. Although we see this horrible mistreatment in the lives of slaves it is the life that they have been given. Most of the slaves will live this life in hopes that someday they will be free from chains and become equal to the white race. I believe that Sethe had t aken away beloved’s...